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FEATURES
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LTC5588-1 200MHz to 6000MHz Quadrature Modulator with Ultrahigh OIP3 DESCRIPTION
The LTC(R)5588-1 is a direct conversion I/Q modulator designed for high performance wireless applications. It allows direct modulation of an RF signal using differential baseband I and Q signals. It supports LTE, GSM, EDGE, TD-SCDMA, CDMA, CDMA2000, W-CDMA, WiMax and other communication standards. It can also be configured as an image reject upconverting mixer, by applying 90 phase-shifted signals to the I and Q inputs. The I/Q baseband inputs drive double-balanced mixers. An onchip balun converts the differential mixer signals to a 50 single-ended RF output. Four balanced I and Q baseband input ports are DC-coupled with a common mode voltage level of 0.5V. The LO path consists of an LO buffer with single-ended or differential inputs and precision quadrature generators to drive the mixers. The supply voltage range is 3.15V to 3.45V. An external voltage can be applied to the LINOPT pin to further improve 3rd-order linearity performance. Accurate temperature dependent calibrations can be performed using the on-chip thermistor.
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. *Contact LTC Marketing for other common mode voltage versions.
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Frequency Range: 200MHz to 6000MHz Output IP3: +31dBm Typical at 2140MHz (Uncalibrated) +35dBm Typical (User Optimized) Single Pin Calibration to Optimize OIP3 Low Output Noise Floor at 6MHz Offset: No RF: -160.6dBm/Hz POUT = 5dBm: -155.5dBm/Hz Integrated LO Buffer and LO Quadrature Phase Generator High Impedance DC Interface to Baseband Inputs with 0.5V Common Mode Voltage* 50 Single-Ended LO and RF Ports 3.3V Operation Fast Turn-Off/On: 10ns/17ns Temperature Sensor (Thermistor) 24-Lead UTQFN 4mm x 4mm Package
APPLICATIONS
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LTE, GSM/EDGE, W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, CDMA2K, WiMax Basestations Image Reject Upconverters Point-to-Point Microwave Links Broadcast Modulator Military Radio
TYPICAL APPLICATION
200MHz to 6000MHz Direct Conversion Transmitter Application
3.3V 1nF + 4.7F 2 RF = 200MHz TO 6000MHz PA 0 EN Q-CHANNEL Q-DAC BASEBAND GENERATOR VI LINOPT 1nF 50 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 1nF LTC2630
55881 TA01a
ACPR, AltCPR and ACPR, AltCPR with Optimized LINOPT Voltage vs RF Output Power at 2.14GHz for W-CDMA 1, 2 and 4 Carriers
-40 ACPR ACPR (OPT) AltCPR -50 AltCPR (OPT) DOWNLINK TEST MODEL 64 DPCH -60 fBB = 140MHz, fLO = 2280MHz -70 4C 2C 1C
VCC I-DAC VI I-CHANNEL 90
LTC5588-1 6.8pF
0.2pF
ACPR, AltCPR (dBc)
-80
-90 -20
-15 -5 0 5 -10 RF OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER (dBm) 55881 TA01b
55881fb
1
LTC5588-1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
PIN CONFIGURATION
GNDRF 18 VCC2 G N D R F 26 17 GNDRF 16 RF 15 NC 14 GNDRF 13 NC 7 LINOPT 8 GND 9 10 11 12 BBMQ BBPQ GNDRF GND TOP VIEW BBMI BBPI VCC1 GND GND
Supply Voltage .........................................................3.8V Common Mode Level of BBPI, BBMI, and BBPQ, BBMQ...................................................0.55V Voltage on Any Pin...........................-0.3V to VCC + 0.3V TJMAX .................................................................... 150C Operating Temperature Range .................-40C to 85C Storage Temperature Range .................. -65C to 150C
24 23 22 21 20 19 EN 1 GND 2 LOP 3 LOM 4 GND 5 NC 6 GND 25
PF24 PACKAGE VARIATION: PF24MA 24-LEAD (4mm 4mm) PLASTIC UTQFN TJMAX = 150C, JA = 43C/W, JC = 7C/W (AT EXPOSED PAD) EXPOSED PADS (PINS 25, 26) ARE GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
ORDER INFORMATION
LEAD FREE FINISH LTC5588IPF-1#PBF TAPE AND REEL LTC5588IPF-1#TRPBF PART MARKING 5881T PACKAGE DESCRIPTION 24-Lead (4mm x 4mm) Plastic UTQFN TEMPERATURE RANGE -40C to 85C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based finish parts. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT PARAMETER RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd-Order Intercept Output 3rd-Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) CONDITIONS
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ common mode DC voltage VCMBB = 0.5VDC, I and Q baseband input signal = 100kHz CW, 1VP-P(DIFF) each, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8.
MIN TYP 200 to 244 200 to 1500 -5.9 -1.9 5.1 77.3 28 -168.3 -27 -53 MAX UNITS MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBc dBm
, fLO = 240MHz, fRF = 239.9MHz, PLO = 10dBm, C7 = 4.7nH, C8 = 33pF Using U2 = Anaren P/N B0310J50100A00 Balun S22 < -10dB (Note 10) S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q
No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) (Note 7) (Note 7)
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LTC5588-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT PARAMETER RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd-Order Intercept Output 3rd-Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd-Order Intercept Output 3rd-Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) Optimized (Notes 4, 6, 11) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) POUT = 5dBm (Note 3) PLOM = 10dBm (Note 7) (Note 7) EN = Low (Note 7) S22 < -10dB S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) Optimized (Notes 4, 6, 11) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) (Note 7) (Note 7) (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) POUT = 1dBm (Note 3) (Note 7) (Note 7) S22 < -10dB S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q CONDITIONS S22 < -10dB (Note 10) S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ common mode DC voltage VCMBB = 0.5VDC, I and Q baseband input signal = 100kHz CW, 1VP-P(DIFF) each, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8.
MIN TYP 350 to 468 200 to 1500 -2.6 1.4 8.6 72 30 -165.2 -159.8 -53 -45 700 to 5000 600 to 6000 0 4.0 12.1 73.6 31.3 35.1 -161.6 -155.1 -45.5 -43.1 -68.9 700 to 5000 600 to 6000 0.4 4.4 12.4 58.8 30.3 32.7 -160.6 -54.4 -40.9 MAX UNITS MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBm/Hz dBc dBm MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBm/Hz dBc dBm dBm MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBc dBm
, fLO = 450MHz, fRF = 449.9MHz, PLO = 10dBm, C7 = 2.7nH, C8 = 10pF U2 = Anaren P/N B0310J50100A00 Balun
, fLO = 900MHz, fRF = 899.9MHz, PLOM = 0dBm, C7 = 6.8pF C8 = 0.2pF
, fLO = 1900MHz, fRF = 1899.9MHz, PLOM = 0dBm, C7 = 6.8pF C8 = 0.2pF fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd-Order Intercept Output 3rd-Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough)
55881fb
3
LTC5588-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT fRF(MATCH) fLO(MATCH) GV POUT OP1dB OIP2 OIP3 NFloor IR LOFT PARAMETER RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd Order Intercept Output 3rd Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd-Order Intercept Output 3rd-Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) RF Match Frequency Range LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain Absolute Output Power Output 1dB Compression Output 2nd-Order Intercept Output 3rd-Order Intercept RF Output Noise Floor Image Rejection Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) Optimized (Notes 4, 6, 11) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) (Note 7) (Note 7) (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) Optimized (Notes 4, 6, 11) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) (Note 7) (Note 7) S22 < -10dB S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) Optimized (Notes 4, 6, 11) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) POUT = 5dBm (Note 3) PLOM = 10dBm (Note 7) (Note 7) S22 < -10dB S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q CONDITIONS S22 < -10dB S11 < -10dB 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ common mode DC voltage VCMBB = 0.5VDC, I and Q baseband input signal = 100kHz CW, 1VP-P(DIFF) each, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8.
MIN TYP 700 to 5000 600 to 6000 0.2 4.2 12.0 58.5 30.9 35.1 -160.6 -155.5 -56.6 -39.6 700 to 5000 600 to 6000 -0.2 3.8 11.4 61.1 29.2 39.5 -160.5 -48.8 -35.5 700 to 5000 600 to 6000 -1.0 3.0 10.5 67.6 23.5 27.5 -160.1 -36.8 -37.5 700 to 5000 600 to 6000 -9.1 -5.1 MAX UNITS MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBm/Hz dBc dBm MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBc dBm MHz MHz dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBc dBm MHz MHz dB dBm
55881fb
, fLO = 2140MHz, fRF = 2139.9MHz, PLOM = 0dBm, C7 = 6.8pF C8 = 0.2pF
, fLO = 2600MHz, fRF = 2599.9MHz, PLOM = 0dBm, C7 = 6.8pF C8 = 0.2pF
, fLO = 3500MHz, fRF = 3499.9MHz, PLOM = 0dBm, C7 = 6.8pF C8 = 0.2pF
fLO = 5800MHz, fRF = 5799.9MHz, PLOM = 0dBm, C7 = 6.8pF C8 = 0.2pF , S22, < -10dB fRF(MATCH) RF Match Frequency Range S11, < -10dB fLO(MATCH) LO Match Frequency Range Conversion Voltage Gain 20 * Log (VRF(OUT)(50)/VIN(DIFF)(I or Q)) GV Absolute Output Power 1VP-P(DIFF) CW Signal, I and Q POUT
4
LTC5588-1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 4, 6) No Baseband AC Input Signal (Note 3) (Note 7) (Note 7) -1dB Bandwidth, RSOURCE = 25, Single Ended Single Ended Single Ended Externally Applied No Hard Clipping, Single Ended 3.15 275 OP1dB Output 1dB Compression OIP2 Output 2nd-Order Intercept OIP3 Output 3rd-Order Intercept NFloor RF Output Noise Floor IR Image Rejection LOFT Carrier Leakage (LO Feedthrough) Baseband Inputs (BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ) Baseband Bandwidth BWBB Baseband Input Current Ib(BB) Input Resistance RIN(SE) DC Common Mode Voltage VCMBB Amplitude Swing VSWING Power Supply (VCC1, VCC2) Supply Voltage VCC Supply Current ICC(ON) Supply Current, Sleep Mode ICC(OFF) Turn-On Time tON Turn-Off Time tOFF Image Rejection Settling tON(IR) LO Suppression Settling tON(LO) tON(PHASE) Phase Settling VLINOPT(ON) LINOPT Voltage VLINOPT(OFF) LINOPT Voltage, Sleep Mode Enable Pin Enable Input High Voltage Input High Current Sleep Input Low Voltage Input Low Current Temperature Sensor (Thermistor) (Note 14) Thermistor Resistance RT Temperature Slope
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ common mode DC voltage VCMBB = 0.5VDC, I and Q baseband input signal = 100kHz CW, 1VP-P(DIFF) each, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8.
MIN TYP 1.9 35.4 17.9 -156.7 -32.3 -30.2 430 -136 -3 0.5 0.86 3.3 303 33 17 10 80 85 70 2.56 3.3 2 80 1 33 1.385 11 3.45 325 900 MAX UNITS dBm dBm dBm dBm/Hz dBc dBm MHz A k V VP-P V mA A ns ns ns ns ns V V V nA V A k /C
EN = High EN = 0V EN = Low to High (Notes 8, 13) EN = High to Low (Notes 9, 13) EN = Low to High, <-60dBc (Note 13) EN = Low to High, <-60dBm (Note 13) EN = Low to High, Phase < 0.5, fLOM = fRF = 2.14GHz, Constant Board Temperature Floating LINOPT Pin, EN = High Floating LINOPT Pin, EN = Low EN = High EN = 3.3V EN = Low EN = 0V EN = Low, IRT = 100A EN = Low, IRT = 100A
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: The LTC5588-1 is guaranteed functional over the operating temperature range from -40C to 85C. Note 3: At 6MHz offset from the LO signal frequency. 100nF between BBPI and BBMI, 100nF between BBPQ and BBMQ. Note 4: Baseband inputs are driven with 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz tones. Note 5: IM2 is measured at fLO - 10MHz. Note 6: IM3 is measured at fLO - 3.5MHz and fLO - 6.5MHz. OIP3 = lowest of (1.5 * P{fLO-5.5MHz} - 0.5 * P{fLO-6.5MHz}) and (1.5 * P{fLO-4.5MHz} - 0.5 * P{fLO-3.5MHz}). Note 7: Without image or LO feedthrough nulling (unadjusted).
Note 8: RF power is within 10% of final value. Note 9: RF power is at least 30dB down from its ON state. Note 10: RF matching center frequency is set below band center frequency in order to align RF passband center frequency with band center frequency. Note 11: An external voltage is optimally set at the LINOPT pin for best output 3rd-order intercept. Note 12: I and Q baseband Input signal = 10MHz CW, 0.8VP-P, DIFF each, I and Q 0 shifted. Note 13: fLOM = 2.14GHz, PLOM = 0dBm, fBB = 134MHz; LO feedthrough and image rejection is nulled during previous EN = high cycles, C5 = C6 = 10pF; C13 = 0; Extra 680F capacitors (SANYO 6SEPC680M) from TP1 to ground and TP2 to ground, RF noise filter with 93MHz bandwidth is used. Note 14: Thermistor performance is guaranteed by Design.
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5
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Supply Current vs Temperature
320 2.7 3.45V 3.45V SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 310 3.3V 300 3.15V 290 3.15V -8 -10 2.6 3.3V VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 0 -2 -4 -6
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Floating LINOPT Voltage vs Temperature
Voltage Gain vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm or PLOM = 10dBm)
2
2.5
280 -40
-15
35 10 TEMPERATURE (C)
60
85
55881 G01
2.4 -40
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G03
-15
10 35 TEMPERATURE (C)
60
85
55881 G02
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm)
40 40
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm)
90 80
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm)
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
30 70 OIP2 (dBm) 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G05
20
20
60 50 40 30
10
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G04
10
0
0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G06
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm)
90 80 70 OIP2 (dBm) 60 50 40 30 14 12
P1dB vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm or PLOM = 10dBm)
-20
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 5 6
55881 G08
10 P1dB (dBm) 8 6 4 2 0 5 6
55881 G07
-30
-40
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 4 3 2 RF FREQUENCY (GHz)
-50
-60 0 1 2 3 4 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G09
55881fb
6
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm)
-20 -20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -30 LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) -40 -50 -60 -70 -60 0 1 2 3 4 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G10
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency for EN = Low
-20
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm)
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
-40
PLOM = 0dBm
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
-30
PLOM = 10dBm
-30
-40
-50
-50
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G11
-80
0
1
2 3 4 LO FREQUENCY (GHz)
5
6
55881 G12
-60
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs RF Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 900MHz)
-40 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -40
Image Rejection vs RF Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 900MHz)
-36 -38 -45 LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) IMAGE REJECTION (dBc) -40 -42 -44 -46
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs RF Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 2140MHz)
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
-41
-42
-43
-50
-44
-45 -15
-10
-5 0 5 RF POWER (dBm)
10
15
-55 -15
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -10 -5 0 5 RF POWER (dBm) 10 15
-48 -15
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -10 -5 0 5 RF POWER (dBm) 10 15
55881 G13
55881 G14
55881 G15
Image Rejection vs RF Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 2140MHz)
-48 -50 IMAGE REJECTION (dBc) -52 -54 -56 -58 -60 -15 10 -10 -5 0 5 RF POWER (dBm) 10 15 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C OIP3 (dBm) 40
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fLO = 450MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 5 PARTS SHOWN
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fLO = 900MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
5 PARTS SHOWN
30 OIP3 (dBm) 20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.0 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G17
30
20
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G18
55881 G16
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LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fLO = 1900MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 5 PARTS SHOWN 40 5 PARTS SHOWN
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fLO = 2140MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fLO = 2600MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
30 OIP3 (dBm) 20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.0 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G20
30
20
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G19
20
10
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
5 PARTS SHOWN 3.5
55881 G21
2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V)
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fLO = 3500MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 5 PARTS SHOWN 40
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency for High Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
fLO = fRF + fBB1 40
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency for High Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 10dBm)
fLO = fRF + fBB1
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
30
30 OIP3 (dBm)
20
20
20 10
10 2.0 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G22
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G23
10
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G24
0
0
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 449MHz, fRF2 = 450MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 fLO = 590MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 40
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 899MHz, fRF2 = 900MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 fLO = 1040MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 1899MHz, fRF2 = 1900MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
fLO = 2040MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
OIP3 (dBm) 20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.0 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G26
30
30
20
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G25
20
10
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G27
55881fb
8
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 2139MHz, fRF2 = 2140MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 fLO = 2280MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 40
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 2599MHz, fRF2 = 2600MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
fLO = 2740MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 40
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 3499MHz, fRF2 = 3500MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C fLO = 3640MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
30 OIP3 (dBm) 20 10 2.0 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G29
30
20
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G28
20
10 2.0 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G30
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency for Low Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 fLO = fRF - fBB1 40
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency for Low Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 10dBm)
40 fLO = fRF - fBB1
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 450MHz, fRF2 = 451MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
fLO = 310MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
30 30 OIP3 (dBm) 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G32
20
20
10
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G31
20
10
0
0
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G33
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 900MHz, fRF2 = 901MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 fLO = 760MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 40
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 1900MHz, fRF2 = 1901MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
fLO = 1760MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 40
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 2140MHz, fRF2 = 2141MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
fLO = 2000MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN
30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)
30 OIP3 (dBm) 20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.0 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G35
30
20
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G34
20
10
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G36
55881fb
9
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 2600MHz, fRF2 = 2601MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
40 40 fLO = 3360MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 40 30 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 30 PERCENTAGE (%)
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Output IP3 vs LINOPT Voltage (fRF1 = 3500MHz, fRF2 = 3501MHz, PLOM = 0dBm)
50
Gain Distribution at 2140MHz
85C 25C -40C
30
20
20
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
20
fLO = 2460MHz 5 PARTS SHOWN 3.5
55881 G37
2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V)
10 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2.5 3.0 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G38
10
0
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2 0 0.2 GAIN (dB)
0.4
0.6
55881 G39
Output IP3 Distribution at 2140MHz
30 85C 25C -40C NOTE 12 30
LO Feedthrough Distribution at 2140MHz
85C 25C -40C PERCENTAGE (%) 40
Image Rejection Distribution at 2140MHz
85C 25C -40C
30 PERCENTAGE (%) 20 PERCENTAGE (%) 20
20
10
10
10
0 30.4 31.2 32 32.8 OIP3 (dBm) 33.6 34.4
55881 G40
0 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) 55881 G41
0 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 55881 G41 IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
Output Noise Floor Distribution at 2140MHz
60 50 PERCENTAGE (%) 40 30 20 10 0 -161.2 -160.8 -160.4 -160.0 NOISE FLOOR (dBm/Hz) -159.6
55881 G43
Output Noise Floor vs RF Output Power and LOM Port Input Power (fLO = 2140MHz)
-135 NOISE FLOOR AT 30MHz OFFSET (dBm/Hz) -10dBm -5dBm 0dBm 5dBm 10dBm 15dBm fBB = 2kHz, CW (NOTE 3) -135 NOISE FLOOR AT 30MHz OFFSET (dBm/Hz)
Output Noise Floor vs RF Output Power and Differential LO Input Power (fLO = 2140MHz)
-10dBm -5dBm 0dBm 5dBm 10dBm 15dBm 20dBm LO BALUN = USING BD1631J50100A fBB = 2kHz, CW (NOTE 3)
85C 25C -40C
-140
-140
-145
-145
-150
-150
-155
-155
-160 -15
-10 0 5 -5 RF OUTPUT POWER (dBm)
10
55881 G44
-160 -15
-10 0 5 -5 RF OUTPUT POWER (dBm)
10
55881 G45
55881fb
10
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI,Output BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz BBPQ, and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Output Noise Floor vs RF Frequency (No AC Baseband Input Signal, PLOM = 0dBm)
-156 NOISE FLOOR AT 6MHz OFFSET (dBm/Hz) -158 -160 -162 -164 -166 -168 -170 0 1 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 4 3 2 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G47
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Return Loss vs Frequency
0 LOM PORT, EN = HIGH LOP PORT, EN = HIGH RF PORT, EN = HIGH RF PORT, EN = LOW
Output Noise Floor vs RF Frequency (No AC Baseband Input Signal, PLOM = 10dBm)
-156 NOISE FLOOR AT 6MHz OFFSET (dBm/Hz) -158 -160 -162 -164 -166 -168 -170 0 1 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 4 3 2 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G48
NOTE 3
NOTE 3
-5 RETURN LOSS (dB)
-10
-15 LO PORT WITH BD1631J50100A00 LOM PORT, EN = LOW LOP PORT, EN = LOW 0 1 2 3 4 FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G46
-20
-25
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency After Nulling at 25C (PLOM = 0dBm)
-40 -40 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 5 PARTS SHOWN LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency After Nulling at 25C (PLOM = 10dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 5 PARTS SHOWN IMAGE REJECTION (dBc) -40
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency After Nulling at 25C (PLOM = 0dBm)
5 PARTS SHOWN 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
-50
-50
-50
-60
-60
-60
-70
-70
-70
-80
-80
-80
-90 0 1 2 3 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G49
-90 0 1 2 3 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G50
-90 0 1 2 3 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G51
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency After Nulling at 25C (PLOM = 10dBm)
-40 3.3V, 85C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 3.15V, 25C 5 PARTS SHOWN LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm) -20
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = -10dBm)
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
-50
-30
-60
-40
-70
-50
-80
-90 0 1 2 3 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G51
-60 0 1
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G53
55881fb
11
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = -5dBm)
-20 -20
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 5dBm)
-20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
-30
-30
-30
-40
-40
-40
-50
-60 0 1
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G54
-50
-50
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G55
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G56
LO Feedthrough to RF Output vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 15dBm)
-20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -20
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency (PLOM = -10dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -20
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency (PLOM = -5dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
LO FEEDTHROUGH (dBm)
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
-40
-40
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc) 4
55881 G58
-30
-30
-30
-40
-50
-50
-50
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G57
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz)
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G59
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 5dBm)
-20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C -20
Image Rejection vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
-30
-30
-40
-40
-50
-50
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G60
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G61
55881fb
12
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Image Rejection vs LO Frequency (PLOM = 15dBm)
-20 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C OIP3 (dBm) 40
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm, fIM3 = fLO + 14.5MHz)
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 0dBm, fIM2 = fLO + 10MHz)
90 80
IMAGE REJECTION (dBc)
-30
30 70 20 OIP2 (dBm) 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G63
-40
60 50 40 30 0 1
-50
10
-60 0 1 3 2 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 4
55881 G62
0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G64
Output IP3 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm, fIM3 = fLO + 14.5MHz)
40 90 80 30 70 OIP3 (dBm) OIP2 (dBm)
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency (PLOM = 10dBm, fIM2 = fLO + 10MHz)
-20 -30 -40 IM3 (dBc) -50 -60 -70 -80
Output IM3 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 900MHz, Note 6)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
20
60 50 40 30
10
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G65
0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G66
-90 -10
-5 0 5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
10
55881 G67
Output IM2 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 900MHz, fIM2 = 890MHz)
-20 -30 -40 IM2 (dBc) -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -10 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C IM3 (dBc) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80
Output IM3 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 900MHz, fIM3 = 914.5MHz)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
-5
0
10
55881 G68
-90 -10
-5 0 5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
10
55881 G69
55881fb
13
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Output IM2 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 900MHz, fIM2 = 910MHz)
-20 -30 -40 IM2 (dBc) -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -10 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C IM3 (dBc) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -10
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Output IM3 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 2140MHz, Note 6)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C IM2 (dBc) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80
Output IM2 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 2140MHz, fIM2 = 2130MHz)
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
-5
0
10
55881 G70
5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
-5
0
10
55881 G71
-90 -15
-10
-5 0 5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
10
55881 G72
Output IM3 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 2140MHz, fIM3 = 2154.5MHz)
-20 -30 -40 IM3 (dBc) -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -10 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C IM2 (dBc) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80
Output IM2 vs RF 2-Tone Power (PLOM = 0dBm, fRF = 2140MHz, fIM2 = 2150MHz)
320 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C
Supply Current vs LINOPT Voltage
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
310
300
290 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 3.5
55881 G75
5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
-5
0
10
55881 G73
-90 -15
-10
5 RF POWER PER TONE (dBm)
-5
0
10
55881 G74
280 2.0
3.0 2.5 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V)
LINOPT Current vs LINOPT Voltage
10 90 80 INPUT CURRENT (mA) 5 OIP2 (dBm) 70 60 50 40 30
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency for High Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 0dBm
fLO = fRF + fBB1 fIM2 = fRF - fBB2
0
-5 2.0
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 3.0 2.5 LINOPT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
55881 G76
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G77
55881fb
14
LTC5588-1
VCC = 3.3V, EN = 3.3V, TA = 25C, LOP input AC-terminated with 50 to ground, BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ inputs 0.5VDC, and 1VP-P(DIFF), baseband input frequencies = 4.5MHz and 5.5MHz for OIP3 and OIP2, or else baseband input frequency = 100kHz, I and Q 90 shifted, lower sideband selection, LINOPT pin floating, unless otherwise noted. Test circuit is shown in Figure 8. Output IP2 vs RF Frequency for High Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 10dBm
90 80 70 OIP2 (dBm) OIP2 (dBm) 60 50 40 30 fLO = fRF + fBB1 fIM2 = fRF - fBB2 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 OIP2 (dBm)
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency for Low Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 0dBm
fLO = fRF - fBB1 fIM2 = fRF + fBB2 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
Output IP2 vs RF Frequency for Low Side LO Injection (fBB1 = 140MHz, fBB2 = 141MHz, PLOM = 10dBm
fLO = fRF - fBB1 fIM2 = fRF + fBB2
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G78
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G79
3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 0 1 2 3 4 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5 6
55881 G80
GNDRF to GND Thermistor DC Resistance vs Temperature (IGNDRF(DC) = 100A)
3.0 2.5 RESISTANCE (k) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -40 VCC = 3.45V VCC = 3.3V VCC = 3.15V VCC = 0V 0 40 80 TEMPERATURE (C) 120
55881 G81
GNDRF to GND Thermistor DC Resistance vs Temperature (IGNDRF(DC) = 200A)
3.0 2.5 RESISTANCE (k) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -40 VCC = 3.45V VCC = 3.3V VCC = 3.15V VCC = 0V 0 40 80 TEMPERATURE (C) 120
55881 G82
VGNDRF > VGND
VGNDRF > VGND
55881fb
15
LTC5588-1 PIN FUNCTIONS
EN (Pin 1): Enable Input. When the enable pin voltage is higher than 2V, the IC is on. When the input voltage is less than 1V, the IC is off. GND (Pins 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20, 23, Exposed Pad Pins 25 and 26): Ground. Pins 2, 5, 8, 11, 20, 23 and exposed pad Pin 25 (group 1) are connected together internally while Pins 12, 14, 17, 19 and exposed pad Pin 26 (group 2) are tied together and serve as the ground return for the RF balun. For best overall performance all ground pins should be connected to RF ground. For best OIP2 performance it is recommended to connect group 1 and group 2 only at second and lower level ground layers of the PCB, not the top layer. A thermistor (temperature variable resistor) of 1.4k at 25C and VCC = 3.3V with temperature coefficient of 11/C is connected between group 1 and group 2. LOP (Pin 3): Positive LO Input. An AC-coupling capacitor (1nF) in series with 50 to ground provides the best OIP2 performance. LOM (Pin 4): Negative LO Input. An AC-coupled 50 LO signal source can be applied to this pin. NC (Pins 6, 13, 15): No Electrical Connection. LINOPT (Pin 7): Linearity Optimization Input. An external voltage can be applied to this pin to optimize the linearity (OIP3) under a specific application condition. Its optimum voltage depends on the LO frequency, temperature, supply voltage, baseband frequency and signal bandwidth. The typical input voltage range is from 2V to 3.7V. The pin can be left floating for good overall linearity performance. BBMQ, BBPQ (Pins 9, 10): Baseband Inputs of the Q Channel. The input impedance of each input is about -3k. It should be externally biased to a 0.5V common mode level. Do not apply common mode voltage beyond 0.55VDC. RF (Pin 16): RF Output. The RF output is a DC-coupled single-ended output with 50 output impedance at RF frequencies. An AC-coupling capacitor of 6.2pF (C7), should be used at this pin for 0.7GHz to 3.5GHz operation. VCC1, VCC2 (Pins 24, 18): Power Supply. It is recommended to use 2 x 1nF and 2 x 4.7F capacitors for decoupling to ground on these pins. BBPI, BBMI (Pins 21, 22): Baseband Inputs of the I Channel. The input impedance of each input is about -3k. It should be externally biased to a 0.5V common mode level. Do not apply common mode voltage beyond 0.55VDC.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
GND 20 BBPI 21 BBMI 22 23 25 VCC1 VCC2 24 18 13 NC 15
VI I CHANNEL 0 90 GND 16 RF
BBPQ 10 BBMQ 9
VI Q CHANNEL 2 5 GND 8 11 3 4 6 7 12 14 17 19 26
1 EN
LOP LOM
NC LINOPT
GNDRF
55881 BD
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16
LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The LTC5588-1 consists of I and Q input differential voltage-to-current converters, I and Q upconverting mixers, an RF output balun, an LO quadrature phase generator and LO buffers. External I and Q baseband signals are applied to the differential baseband input pins, BBPI, BBMI and BBPQ, BBMQ. These voltage signals are converted to currents and translated to RF frequency by means of double-balanced upconverting mixers. The mixer outputs are combined at the inputs of the RF output balun, which also transforms the output impedance to 50. The center frequency of the resulting RF signal is equal to the LO signal frequency. The LO input drives a phase shifter which splits the LO signal into in-phase and quadrature signals. These LO signals are then applied to on-chip buffers which drive the upconverting mixers. In most applications, the LOM input is driven by the LO source via a 1nF coupling capacitor, while the LOP input is terminated with 50 to RF ground via a 1nF coupling capacitor. The RF output is single ended and internally 50 matched across a wide RF frequency range from 700MHz to 5GHz with better than 10dB return loss using C7 = 6.8pF and C8 = 0.2pF (S22 < -10dB). See Figure 8. For 240MHz operation, C7 = 4.7nH and C8 = 33pF is recommended. For 450MHz, C7 = 2.7nH and C8 = 10pF is recommended. Note that the frequency of the best match is set lower than the band center frequency to compensate the gain roll-off of the on-chip RF output balun at lower frequency. At 240MHz and 450MHz operations, the image rejection and the large-signal noise performance is better using higher LO drive levels. However, if the drive level causes internal clipping, the LO leakage degrades. Using a balun such as Anaren P/N B0310J50100A00 increases the LO drive level without internal clipping and provides a relatively broadband LO port impedance match. Baseband Interface The baseband inputs (BBPI, BBMI, BBPQ, BBMQ) present a single-ended input impedance of about -3k. Because of the negative input impedance, it is important to keep the source resistance at each baseband input low enough such that the total input impedance remains positive across the baseband frequency. Each of the four baseband inputs has a capacitor of 4pF in series with 14 connected to ground and a PNP emitter follower in parallel (see Figure 1). The baseband bandwidth depends on the source impedance. For a 25 source impedance (50 terminated with 50), the baseband bandwidth (-1dB) is about 430MHz. If a 2.7nH series inductor is inserted at each of the four baseband inputs, the -1dB baseband bandwidth can be increased to about 650MHz.
VCC2 = 3.3V BALUN FROM Q CHANNEL LOMI LOPI
LTC5588-1 RF
VCC1 = 3.3V
BBPI 14 4pF VCM = 0.5V 4pF 14 BBMI
GNDRF
55881 F01
GND
Figure 1. Simplified Circuit Schematic of the LTC5588-1 (Only I Channel is Shown)
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17
LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
It is recommended to compensate the baseband input impedance in the baseband lowpass filter design in order to achieve best gain flatness vs baseband frequency. The S-parameters for (each of) the baseband inputs is given in Table 1.
Table 1. Single-Ended BB Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = High and VDC = 0.5V
FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.1 1 2 4 8 16 30 60 100 140 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 BB INPUT IMPEDANCE -3700 -3900-j340 -3700-j950 -3200-j1500 -2100-j1900 -860-j1600 -300-j990 -87-j520 -35-j308 -16-j226 -6-j154 -1.4-j120 1.4-j102 4.4-j87 5.4-j74 7-j66 8.3-j58 9.4-j47 10-j38 10-j32 10.5-j27 10.5-j23 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG ANGLE 1.03 -0.13 1.03 -0.13 1.03 -0.37 1.03 -0.68 1.03 -1.38 1.03 -2.79 1.03 -5.3 1.03 -10.6 1.04 -18.2 1.03 -24.8 1.02 -36 1.01 -45 0.99 -52 0.96 -59 0.94 -67 0.90 -73 0.87 -80 0.82 -92 0.77 -102 0.74 -113 0.71 -122 0.69 -129
The circuit is optimized for a common mode voltage of 0.5V which should be externally applied. The baseband pins should not be left floating to cause the internal PNP's base current to pull the common mode voltage higher than the 0.55V limit, generating excessive current flow. If it occurs for an extended period, damage to the IC may result. In shutdown mode it is recommended to terminate to ground or to a 0.5V source with a value lower than 200. The PNP's base current is about -136A ranging from -250A to -50A. It is recommended to drive the baseband inputs differentially to reduce even-order distortion products. When a DAC is used as the signal source, a reconstruction filter should be placed between the DAC output and the LTC5588-1 baseband inputs to avoid aliasing. Figure 2 shows a typical baseband interface for zero-IF repeater application. A 5th-order lowpass ladder filter is used with -0.3dB cut-off of 60MHz. C1A, C1B, C3A and C3B are configured in a single-ended fashion in order to suppress common mode noise. L3A and L3B (0402 size) are used to compensate for passband droop due to the finite quality factor of the inductors L1A, L1B, L2A and L2B (0603 size). R3A and R3B improves the out-of-band noise performance. R3A = R3B = 0 (L3A and L3B omitted) provides best out-of-band noise performance but no passband droop compensation. In that case, L1A, L1B, L2A and L2B may have to be increased in size (higher quality factor) to limit passband droop.
10mA 10mA
L1A 250nH
L2A 250nH
0.5VDC
L3A 100nH BBPI R3A 71.5
R1A 71.5 DAC R1B 71.5
C1A 47pF C1B 47pF L1B 250nH
C2 39pF L2B 250nH
C3A 47pF C3B 47pF
R2A 165 R2B 165
R2C 249
R3B 71.5
L3B 100nH BBMI 0.5VDC
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10mA 10mA GND
Figure 2: Baseband Interface with 5th-Order Filter and 0.5VCM DAC (Only I Channel is Shown)
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18
LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
At each baseband pin, a 0.146V to 0.854V swing is developed corresponding to a DAC output current of 0mA to 20mA. A 3dB lower gain can be achieved using R1A = R1B = 49.9; R2A = R2B = Open; R2C = 100; R3A = R3B = 51; L1A = L1B = L2A = L2B = 180nH; C1A = C1B = C3A = C3B = 68pF; C2 = 56pF . LO Section The internal LO chain consists of a quadrature phase shifter followed by LO buffers. The LOM input can be driven single ended with 50 input impedance, while the LOP input should be terminated with 50 through a DC blocking capacitor. The LOP and LOM inputs can also be driven differentially when an exceptionally low large-signal output noise floor is required. A simplified circuit schematic for the LOP and LOM inputs is given in Figure 3. Table 2 lists LOM port input impedance vs frequency at EN = High and PLOM = 0dBm. For EN = Low and PLOM = 0dBm the input impedance is given in Table 3. The LOM port input impedance is shown for EN = High and Low at PLOM = 10dBm in Table 4 and Table 5, respectively. The circuit schematic of the demo board is shown in Figure 8. A 50 termination can be connected to the LOP port (J1). The LOM port (J2) can also be terminated with a 50 while the LO power is applied to the LOP (J1) port. In that case, the image rejection may be degraded. At 2.14GHz, the large-signal noise figure is about 2dB better for difVCC1
ferential LO drive (using BD1631J50100A00) with a LO power below 10dBm. The balun (U2) can be installed by removing C5 and C6 (see Figure 8). Using Anaren P/N B0310J50100A00 improves image, LO leakage and large-signal noise performance at 240MHz and 450MHz. For this particular balun, an external blocking capacitor is required. Figure 4 shows the return loss vs RF frequency for the 240MHz and 450MHz frequency bands. Figure 5 shows the corresponding gain vs RF frequency where the gain curve peaks at a higher frequency compared to the frequency with best match. Note that the overall bandwidth degrades tuning the matching frequency lower. A similar technique can be used for 700MHz and 900MHz if gain flatness is important.
Table 2. LOM Port Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = High and PLOM = 0dBm (LOP Terminated with 50 AC to Ground)
FREQUENCY (GHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 LOM INPUT IMPEDANCE 98-j65 87-j58 79-j51 69-j40 63-j32 59-j27 55-j24 52-j21 50-j19 48-j18 44-j16 41-j15 39-j14 38-j13 37-j12 36-j7.8 32-j2.4 28+j1.0 25+j2.4 23+j4.1 21+j6.2 19+j7.9 17+j8.7 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.499 0.462 0.421 0.354 0.296 0.256 0.225 0.203 0.188 0.18 0.178 0.185 0.194 0.2 0.199 0.189 0.225 0.288 0.35 0.372 0.417 0.472 0.519 ANGLE -29.8 -34.3 -38.8 -45.8 -52.4 -58.4 -64.9 -72.5 -79.6 -86.9 -101 -111 -118 -123 -128 -146 -171 176 173 168 162 159 157
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LOP
LOM
+ -
2.35V (3.3V IN SHUTDOWN)
55881 F03
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Figure 3: Simplified Circuit Schematic for the LOP and LOM inputs
19
LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 3. LOM Port Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = Low and PLOM = 0dBm (LOP Terminated with 50 AC to Ground)
FREQUENCY (GHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 LOM INPUT IMPEDANCE 95-j69 84-j61 76-j53 67-j41 61-j33 57-j28 54-j24 51-j21 48-j19 47-j18 43-j16 40-j15 39-j14 38-j13 37-j12 35-j7.6 31-j2.2 27+j1.3 24+j2.9 22+j4.7 21+j7.0 18+j8.7 16+j9.7 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.511 0.472 0.43 0.36 0.3 0.259 0.228 0.205 0.191 0.183 0.182 0.19 0.2 0.207 0.205 0.2 0.238 0.303 0.363 0.387 0.427 0.481 0.524 ANGLE -31.4 -36.2 -41 -48.5 -55.6 -61.9 -68.7 -76.5 -83.6 -90.9 -105 -114 -121 -125 -131 -149 -172 175 171 166 160 157 154
Table 4. LOM Port Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = High and PLOM = 10dBm (LOP Terminated with 50 AC to Ground)
FREQUENCY (GHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 LOM INPUT IMPEDANCE 96-j64 86-j57 77-j51 69-j41 62-j33 58-j28 55-j24 52-j21 50-j19 48-j18 44-j16 41-j15 39-j14 38-j14 37-j12 36-j7.9 32-j2.7 28+j0.8 24+j2.0 23+j3.6 21+j5.9 19+j7.5 16+j8.5 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.494 0.455 0.42 0.356 0.3 0.258 0.229 0.203 0.192 0.179 0.176 0.185 0.196 0.202 0.201 0.188 0.225 0.292 0.348 0.373 0.42 0.468 0.518 ANGLE -30.6 -35.1 -40.2 -46.6 -54.1 -59.1 -66.6 -73.1 -80.6 -87.5 -102 -112 -119 -123 -128 -146 -170 176 172 168 162 159 157
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 5. LOM Port Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = Low and PLOM = 10dBm (LOP Terminated with 50 AC to Ground)
MAG 0.48 0.444 0.414 0.345 0.293 0.251 0.225 0.199 0.191 0.18 0.181 0.192 0.205 0.211 0.212 0.202 0.244 0.31 0.363 0.389 0.433 0.479 0.525 ANGLE -32.1 -36.9 -42 -49.3 -57.4 -63.2 -71.2 -78.8 -86.6 -93.6 -108 -117 -123 -127 -132 -150 -172 175 171 166 160 157 154
-10 200 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 0
FREQUENCY (GHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
0
LOM INPUT IMPEDANCE 92-j61 83-j55 75-j50 66-j39 60-j32 56-j27 53-j23 50-j20 48-j19 46-j17 42-j15 40-j14 38-j14 37-j13 36-j12 35-j7.5 31-j2.2 27+j1.3 24+j2.7 22+j4.4 20+j6.8 18+j8.5 16+j9.5
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
-2
-4
-6 3.3V, 85C 3.3V, 25C 3.15V, 25C 3.45V, 25C 3.3V, -40C 400 300 500 RF FREQUENCY (MHz) 600
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-8
Figure 5. Low Band Voltage Gain vs RF Frequency Using Figure 4 Matching
The third harmonic content of the LO can degrade image rejection severely, it is recommended to keep the 3rd-order harmonic of the LO signal lower than the desirable image rejection minus 6dB. Although the second harmonic content of the LO is less sensitive, it can still be significant. The large-signal noise figure can be improved with higher LO input power. However, if the LO input power is too large to cause the internal LO signal clipping in the phase-shifter section, the image rejection can be degraded rapidly. This clipping point depends on the supply voltage, LO frequency, temperature and single ended vs differential LO drive. At fLO = 2140MHz, VCC = 3.3V, T = 25C and singleended LO drive, this clipping point is at about 16.7dBm. For 3.15V it lowers to 16.1dBm. For differential drive it is about 21.6dBm. The differential LO port input impedance for EN = High and PLO = 10dBm is given in Table 6.
-10 RETURN LOSS (dB)
-20
-30
RF PORT, EN = HIGH, C7 = 4.7nH, C8 = 33pF RF PORT, EN = LOW, C7 = 4.7nH, C8 = 33pF RF PORT, EN = HIGH, C7 = 2.7nH, C8 = 10pF RF PORT, EN = LOW, C7 = 2.7nH, C8 = 10pF LO PORT, EN = HIGH, USING B0310J50100A00 LO PORT, EN = LOW, USING B0310J50100A00
-40 200
300
400 FREQUENCY (MHz)
500
600
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Figure 4. RF and LO Port Return Loss vs Frequency for Low Band Match (See Figure 8)
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 6: Differential LO Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = High and PLO = 10dBm
FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 LO DIFFERENTIAL INPUT IMPEDANCE 134-j48 126-j51 119-j46 109-j45 100-j40 97-j36 94-j36 90-j35 84-j34 83-j33 77-j36 76-j37 73-j38 74-j37 74-j35 78-j28 74-j15 67-j2.9 58+j7.3 51+j15 42+j18 34+j20 27+j16 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.247 0.247 0.223 0.215 0.194 0.181 0.184 0.186 0.198 0.198 0.237 0.243 0.262 0.254 0.251 0.199 0.173 0.197 0.275 0.338 0.433 0.515 0.596 ANGLE -43 -50 -55 -66 -79 -84 -90 -96 -104 -107 -111 -111 -113 -113 -115 -120 -145 -174 168 158 156 156 160 FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Table 7: Differential LO Input Impedance vs Frequency for EN = Low and PLO = 10dBm
LO DIFFERENTIAL INPUT IMPEDANCE 131-j48 125-j52 117-j46 107-j45 98-j40 95-j36 92-j35 88-j34 83-j33 82-j32 75-j35 76-j35 72-j36 74-j35 73-j33 77-j25 73-j12 66-j0.2 56+j10 49+j18 39+j21 32+j22 25+j18 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.243 0.250 0.221 0.215 0.197 0.183 0.186 0.188 0.200 0.199 0.237 0.240 0.259 0.248 0.245 0.191 0.172 0.206 0.293 0.362 0.459 0.538 0.619 ANGLE -45 -52 -58 -69 -81 -87 -93 -99 -107 -110 -114 -113 -115 -115 -118 -125 -152 180 164 154 153 153 158
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
RF Section After upconversion, the RF outputs of the I and Q mixers are combined. An on-chip balun performs internal differential to single-ended conversion, while transforming the output signal to 50 as shown in Figure 1. Table 8 shows the RF port output impedance vs frequency for EN = High.
Table 8. RF Output Impedance vs Frequency for EN = High
FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 RF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 7.8+j11 8.7+j13 9.7+j16 12+j21 16+j25 19+j29 24+j32 30+j34 35+j35 41+j34 52+j28 58+j18 58+j7.1 55+j0.2 52-j2.7 50-j4.3 39-j5.9 32-j1.9 30-j0.2 27+j2.2 23+j4.5 22+j6.8 19+j11 17+j20 15+j27 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.742 0.723 0.702 0.660 0.609 0.560 0.509 0.457 0.409 0.359 0.266 0.180 0.098 0.042 0.032 0.043 0.142 0.227 0.255 0.298 0.365 0.406 0.475 0.541 0.613 ANGLE 154 149 143 133 123 114 106 98 91 85 70 57 39 3.4 -52 -92 -149 -173 -180 172 167 161 151 133 120
The RF port output impedance for EN = Low is given in Table 9.
Table 9. RF Output Impedance vs Frequency for EN = Low
FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 RF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 7.2+j11 8.0+j13 9.0+j16 12+j21 15+j25 19+j29 23+j32 29+j34 35+j35 40+j34 51+j28 57+j18 57+j7.0 53+j0.4 51-j2.4 48-j4.0 38-j4.9 31-j0.7 29+1.0 27+j3.6 24+j5.6 22+j6.9 19+j11 17+j20 15+j28 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT MAG 0.761 0.742 0.720 0.675 0.622 0.571 0.518 0.464 0.414 0.363 0.266 0.175 0.090 0.030 0.025 0.044 0.153 0.240 0.266 0.308 0.365 0.405 0.478 0.563 0.628 ANGLE 155 149 144 133 123 115 107 99 92 86 72 60 43 7.0 -74 -111 -155 -177 -177 169 164 161 151 132 118
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Linearity Optimization The LINOPT pin (Pin 7) can be used to optimize the linearity of the RF circuitry. Figure 6 shows the simplified schematic of the LINOPT pin interface. The nominal DC bias voltage of the LINOPT pin is 2.56V and the typical voltage window to drive the LINOPT pin for optimum linearity is 2V to 3.7V. Since its input impedance for EN = High is about 150, an external buffer may be required to output a current in the range of -2mA to 8mA. The LINOPT voltage for optimum linearity is a function of LO frequency, temperature, supply voltage, baseband frequency, high side or low side LO injection, process, signal bandwidth and RF output level. For zero-IF systems the spectral regrowth is typically limited by the OIP2 performance. In that case, optimizing the LINOPT pin voltage may not improve the spectral regrowth. The spectral regrowth for systems with an IF (for example 140MHz) will be set by the OIP3 performance and optimizing LINOPT voltage can improve the spectral regrowth significantly (see Figure 13). Enable Interface Figure 7 shows a simplified schematic of the EN pin interface. The voltage necessary to turn on the LTC5588-1 is 2V. To disable (shut down) the chip, the enable voltage must be below 1V. If the EN pin is not connected, the chip is enabled. This EN = High condition is assured by the 100k on-chip pull-up resistor.
VCC1
75 LINOPT
100
250 INTERNAL ENABLE SIGNAL
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Figure 6. LINOPT Pin Interface
VCC1
100k EN
INTERNAL ENABLE CIRCUIT
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Figure 7. EN Pin Interface
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Evaluation Board Figure 8 shows the evaluation board schematic. A good ground connection is required for the exposed pad. If this is not done properly, the RF performance will degrade. Additionally, the exposed pad provides heat sinking for the part and minimizes the possibility of the chip overheating. Resistors R1 and R2 reduce the charging current in capacitors C1 and C2 (see Figure 8) and will reduce supply ringing during a fast power supply ramp-up with inductive wiring connecting VCC and GND. For EN = High, the
J9 BBMI C12 OPT R11 OPT R4 OPT TP1 J5 EN R3 OPT J1 LOP C5 1nF 1 6 U2 OPT 5 4 2 3 4 5 6 R12 OPT R14 1 R13 OPT J3 BBMQ C9 OPT C10 R9 OPT OPT
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voltage drop over R1 and R2 is about 0.15V. The supply voltages applied directly to the chip can be monitored by measuring at the test points TP1 and TP2. If a power supply is used that ramps up slower than 7V/s and limits the overshoot on the supply below 3.8V, R1 and R2 can be omitted. To facilitate turn-on and turn-off time measurements, the microstrip between J5 and J7 can be used connecting J5 to a pulse generator, J7 to an oscilloscope with 50 input impedance, removing R5 and inserting a 0 resistor for R3.
J8 BBPI C11 R10 OPT OPT
R6 OPT
J7 EN
C1 4.7F R5 0
C3 1nF
VCC R1 1 R2 1.3 TP2
EN 24 23 22 21 20 19 VCC1 BBMI BBPI GND GND GNDRF
C4 1nF
C2 4.7F
EN GND LOP LOM GND NC LINOPT GNDRF BBMQ BBPQ GND GND U1 LTC5588-1
VCC2 GNDRF RF NC GNDRF NC
18 17 16 15 14 13 C8 0.2pF C7 6.8pF J6 RF OUT
NC GND BP BALUN UNBP GND BP 1 2 3 C14 1nF
J2 LOM
GND
C6 1nF LINOPT
25 C13 100nF
7
8
9
10 11 12
26
BOARD NUMBER: DC1524A
J4 BBPQ
R8 OPT
R7 OPT
Figure 8. Evaluation Circuit Schematic
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Figures 9 and 10 show the component side and the bottom side of the evaluation board. An enlarged view of the component side around the IC placement shows all pins related to GND (group 1) and all pins related to GNDRF (group 2) are not connected via the top layer of the component side in Figure 11. It is possible to use the part without a split-paddle PCB island, but this may degrade OIP2 by a few dB at some frequencies and reduce LO leakage slightly. Due to self heating, the board temperature on the bottom side underneath the exposed die paddle for EN = high and VCC = 3.3V is -29.5C at -40C, 37.8C at 25C and 98.1C at 85C ambient temperatures. The on-chip temperature can be obtained using the built-in thermistor. The on-chip thermistor is internally connected between GNDRF and GND, requiring AC grounding Pins 12, 14, 17, 19 and the exposed pad pin 26. The thermistor is 1.4k at 25C and VCC = 3.3V, and has a temperature coefficient of 11/C. Switching from EN = Low to EN = High causes a 1.5mV DC voltage increase on the (AC grounded) GNDRF due to the internal IR drop.
Figure 10. Bottom Side of Evaluation Board
Figure 9. Component Side of Evaluation Board
Figure 11. Enlarged View of the Component Side of the Evaluation Board
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LTC5588-1 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The LTC5588-1 is recommended for basestation applications using various modulation formats. Figure 14 shows a typical application. The LTC2630 can be used to drive the LINOPT pin via a SPI interface. At 3.3V supply, the maximum LINOPT voltage is about 3.125V. Using an extra buffer like the LTC6246 in unity-gain configuration can increase the maximum LINOPT voltage to about 3.17V. An LTC2630 with a 5V supply can drive the full 2V to 3.7V range for the LINOPT pin.
-40
Figure 12 shows the ACPR, AltCPR and ACPR, AltCPR with Optimized LINOPT voltage vs RF Output Power at 2.14GHz for W-CDMA 1, 2 and 4 Carriers. A 4-Carriers W-CDMA spectrum is shown in Figure 13 with and without LINOPT voltage optimization.
ACPR, AltCPR (dBc)
ACPR ACPR (OPT) AltCPR -50 AltCPR (OPT) DOWNLINK TEST MODEL 64 DPCH -60 fBB = 140MHz, fLO = 2280MHz -70
4C
2C 1C
-80
-90 -20
-15 -5 0 5 -10 RF OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER (dBm) 55881 TA
Figure 12. ACPR, AltCPR and ACPR, AltCPR with Optimized LINOPT Voltage vs RF Output Power at 2.14GHz for W-CDMA 1, 2 and 4 Carriers
-20
DOWNLINK TEST MODEL 64 DPCH
POWER IN 30kHz BW (dBm)
-40
-60
-80 fBB = 140MHz fLO = 2280MHz OPTIMIZED NOT OPTIMIZED 2.125 2.145 2.155 2.135 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.165
55881 F13
-100
-120 2.115
Figure 13. 4-Carrier W-CDMA Spectrum with and without LINOPT Voltage Optimization
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27
LTC5588-1 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
PF Package Variation: PF24MA 24-Lead Plastic UTQFN (4mm x 4mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1834 Rev O)
2.50 REF 0.70 0.05
4.50
0.05 2.45 0.05 3.10 0.05
0.41 0.05 0.41 0.05 1.24 0.05 0.41 0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.25 0.05 0.50 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED BOTTOM VIEW--EXPOSED PAD 0.55 4.00 PIN 1 TOP MARK (NOTE 6) 0.10 0.05 R = 0.05 TYP 2.50 REF 23 24 0.40 1 2 4.00 0.10 2.45 0.10 0.41 0.10 0.41 0.10 0.10 PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.20 TYP OR 0.25 45 CHAMFER
1.24
0.10
R = 0.125 TYP
(PF24MA) UTQFN 0908 REV O
0.125 REF 0.00 - 0.05 0.41 NOTE: 1. DRAWING IS NOT A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE, IF PRESENT 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 0.10
0.25
0.05
0.50 BSC
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28
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LTC5588-1 REVISION HISTORY
REV A DATE 2/11 DESCRIPTION Updated Features and Description sections Add JC value to Pin Configuration Additional information added to Electrical Characteristics section Added Typical Performance Characteristics curves Revised Applications Information to replace Figure 1 and text. B 3/11 Added Note 14 to Electrical Characteristics section. PAGE NUMBER 1 2 5 14, 15 17, 26 5
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29
LTC5588-1 TYPICAL APPLICATION
24 21 I-DAC 22 VI I-CHANNEL 1 EN 10 Q-DAC BASEBAND GENERATOR 9 Q-CHANNEL VI 3 1nF 50 VCO/SYNTHESIZER 4 1nF LINOPT 7 6 3.3V 4 DAC LTC2630 5
55881 F14
18 LTC5588-1
VCC
1nF + 4.7F 2 6.8pF
3.3V RF = 200MHz TO 6000MHz PA
0 90
12,14,17, 19, 26
0.2pF
2, 5, 8, 11, 20 23, 25
1 2 3
LD SCK SDI
Figure 14. 200MHz to 6000MHz Direct Conversion Transmitter Application
RELATED PARTS
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55881fb
30 Linear Technology Corporation
(408) 432-1900 FAX: (408) 434-0507
LT 0311 REV B * PRINTED IN USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
www.linear.com
(c) LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2010

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